Pediatric Heart Disease

Congenital and pediatric heart disease

Heart disease that are present at birth are called congenital heart disease. Congenital heart disease is a type of defect or malformation of one or more structures of the heart or blood vessels that occurs before birth.

Some of them require no treatment because they are self correcting, while others may require either minor or major reconstructive surgery of the heart.

Types of congenital heart disease

Congenital heart disease, changes in the normal flow of blood through the heart, as part of the heart does not develop properly before birth.

Atrial septal defect (ASD):

An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a hole in the septum. Atrial septal defects is one of the most common cardiac defects observed. When an atrial septal defect is present, blood flows through the hole before the left atrium into the right atrium. This maneuver increases the volume of blood in the right atrium which means more blood flows through the lungs than would normally. If left untreated, atrial septal defect may cause problems in adulthood. These problems may include pulmonary hypertension (which is the blood pressure in the lungs), congestive heart failure (weakened heart muscle), atrial arrhythmias (which are abnormal rhythms or heart beat) and an increased risk of accidents stroke.

The ventricular septal defect (VSD):

The ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a hole (default) in the wall that separates the lower chambers of the heart. VSD is a congenital heart defect, which means it is present at birth. In children with a VSD, blood usually flows through the fault of the left ventricle to right ventricle. The extra blood (excessive amount requested) in the pulmonary arteries and lungs, and in the atrium and left ventricle.

defect atrioventricular canal:

defect atrioventricular canal is a combination of several anomalies in this heart at birth (congenital). This defect includes a hole between the chambers of the heart and problems with the valves that regulate blood flow to the heart. defect atrioventricular canal can also be called endocardial cushion defect or atrioventricular septal defect.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA):

Ductus arteriosus (PDA) is an anomaly in which the temporary blood vessel connecting the left pulmonary artery to the aorta in the fetal heart does not close after birth. In the heart of the fetus, the blood to bypass the lungs and receive oxygen from the placenta. But when the newborn's lungs take over at birth, the body stops producing the chemicals that keep the ductus arteriosus open, and closes naturally.

Aortic stenosis:

Stenosis means narrowing. Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of whereas the aortic valve or a narrowing of the aorta just above (supravalvular) or below (subvalvar) valve.Normally the aorta, oxygen-rich blood is pumped by the left ventricle through the aortic valve and the aorta. The aorta is the main artery that sends oxygen-rich blood to the body. In aortic stenosis, it becomes very difficult for the heart to pump blood to the body. Depending on the severity of the stenosis, open heart surgery may be necessary to correct the defect.

pulmonary stenosis

Lung.